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1.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 94(1): e205, 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1439316

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las infecciones fúngicas invasivas (IFI) son un problema de salud en creciente aumento. Objetivo: describir las características epidemiológicas, microbiológicas y clínicas de los menores de 15 años con IFI hospitalizados en el Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell entre 2010- 2019. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo, mediante revisión de historias clínicas. Variables: edad, sexo, comorbilidades, factores de riesgo, clínica, patógenos, tratamiento y evolución. Resultados: se registraron 26 casos de IFI en 23 niños. La mediana de edad fue 8 años, de sexo femenino 17, con comorbilidades 17: infección por VIH 5, enfermedad hematooncológica 4. Todos presentaban factores de riesgo para IFI. Las manifestaciones clínicas de sospecha fueron: fiebre en 19, síntomas neurológicos 11, respiratorios 9, gastrointestinales 6, urinarios 2, sepsis/shock en 3. Los agentes identificados fueron: Candida spp en 14, Cryptococcus neoformans complex 8 y Aspergillus fumigatus complex 4. Tratamiento: se indicó fluconazol en 15, asociado a anfotericina B 11. Todas las infecciones por candida fueron sensibles a los azoles. Fallecieron 7 niños, la mediana de edad fue 1 año. En 4 se identificó Candida spp, Aspergillus fumigatus complex 2 y Cryptococcus neoformans complex 1. Conclusiones: las IFI son poco frecuentes, afectan en su mayoría a niños inmunocomprometidos asociando elevada mortalidad. El diagnóstico requiere alto índice de sospecha. Candida spp y Cryptococcus spp fueron los agentes más involucrados. El inicio precoz del tratamiento acorde a la susceptibilidad disponible se asocia a menor mortalidad.


Summary: Introduction: invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an increasing health problem. Objective: describe the epidemiological, microbiological and clinical characteristics of children under 15 years of age with IFI hospitalized at the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center between 2010-2019. Methodology: retrospective study, review of medical records. Variables: age, sex, comorbidities, risk factors, symptoms, pathogens, treatment and evolution. Results: 26 cases of IFI were recorded involving 23 children. Median age 8 years, female 17, comorbidities 17, HIV infection 5, hematological-oncological disease 4. All with risk factors. Suspicion symptoms: fever 19, neurological symptoms 11, respiratory 9, gastrointestinal 6, urinary 2, sepsis / shock 3. Identified agents: Candida spp 14, Cryptococcus neoformans complex 8 and Aspergillus fumigatus complex 4. Treatment: fluconazole 15, associated with amphotericin B 11. All candida infections were sensitive to azoles. 7 died, median age 1 year. In 4, Candida spp was isolated, Aspergillus fumigatus complex in 2 and Cryptococcus neoformans complex in 1. Conclusions: IFI are rare, mostly affecting immunocompromised children, associated with high mortality. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. Candida spp and Cryptococcus spp were the most involved agents. Early treatment according to available susceptibility is associated with lower mortality.


Introdução: as infecções fúngicas invasivas (IFI) são um problema de saúde crescente. Objetivo: descrever as características epidemiológicas, microbiológicas e clínicas de crianças menores de 15 anos com IFI internadas no Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell entre 2010 e 2019. Metodologia: estudo retrospectivo, revisão de prontuários. Variáveis: idade, sexo, comorbidades, fatores de risco, sintomas, patógenos, tratamento e evolução. Resultados: foram registrados 26 casos de IFI em 23 crianças. Idade mediana 8 anos, sexo feminino 17, comorbidades 17, infecção por HIV 5, doença hemato-oncológica 4. Todos com fatores de risco. Suspeita clínica: febre 19, sintomas neurológicos 11, respiratórios 9, gastrointestinais 6, urinários 2, sepse/choque 3. Agentes identificados: Candida spp 14, Cryptococcus neoformans complexo 8 e Aspergillus fumigatus complexo 4. Tratamento: fluconazol 15, associado à anfotericina B 11. Todas as infecções por cândida foram sensíveis aos azóis. 7 morreram, idade média de 1 ano. Em 4 das crianças Cândida spp foi isolada, Aspergillus fumigatus complexo em 2 e Cryptococcus neoformans complexo em 1. Conclusões: IFIs são raras, afetando principalmente crianças imunocomprometidas, associadas a alta mortalidade. O diagnóstico requer alto índice de suspeita. Cândida spp e Cryptococcus spp são os agentes mais envolvidos. O tratamento precoce de acordo com a suscetibilidade disponível está associado a menor mortalidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy , Aspergillosis/diagnosis , Aspergillosis/drug therapy , Aspergillus fumigatus , Comorbidity , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , Child, Hospitalized , Amphotericin B/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Immunocompromised Host/immunology , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Cryptococcosis/drug therapy , Cryptococcus neoformans , Candidiasis, Invasive/diagnosis , Candidiasis, Invasive/drug therapy , Voriconazole/therapeutic use , Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Invasive Fungal Infections/mortality , Caspofungin/therapeutic use , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 115: e200430, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1135256

ABSTRACT

Despite the medical advances and interventions to improve the quality of life of those in intensive care, people with cancer or severely immunocompromised or other susceptible hosts, invasive fungal diseases (IFD) remain severe and underappreciated causes of illness and death worldwide. Therefore, IFD continue to be a public health threat and a major hindrance to the success of otherwise life-saving treatments and procedures. Globally, hundreds of thousands of people are affected every year with Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, endemic dimorphic fungi and Mucormycetes, the most common fungal species causing invasive diseases in humans. These infections result in morbidity and mortality rates that are unacceptable and represent a considerable socioeconomic burden. Raising the general awareness of the significance and impact of IFD in human health, in both the hospital and the community, is hence critical to understand the scale of the problem and to raise interest to help fighting these devastating diseases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Fungi/isolation & purification , Fungi/classification , Quality of Life , Immunocompromised Host , Cost of Illness , Invasive Fungal Infections/complications , Invasive Fungal Infections/mortality , Intensive Care Units
3.
Med. infant ; 24(1): 5-7, marzo 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-879018

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Las infecciones fúngicas invasoras (IFI) son un problema de salud cada vez mayor, y se asocian con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Las nuevas opciones terapéuticas, tales como las equinocandinas y entre estos anidulafungina, se han utilizado en la población adulta, pero en pacientes pediátricos con trasplante de médula ósea la experiencia es escasa. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo es presentar nuestra experiencia con el uso de la anidulafungina como profilaxis o tratamiento en pacientes con trasplante de médula ósea. Material y métodos: Entre enero hasta junio 2016, 29 pacientes trasplantados de médula ósea recibieron anidulafungina como profilaxis o tratamiento de infecciones fúngicas invasivas (IFI) probadas, probables o posibles. En todos los casos se monitorizó el valor de transaminasas, bilirrubina, creatinina y el recuento de glóbulos blancos al inicio y al final del tratamiento. Resultados: La anidulafungina se administró por vía intravenosa en una dosis de carga de 3 mg/kg/día, seguida de 1,5 mg/kg/día durante una mediana (Md) de 16 días (intervalo intercuartílico: 2-65 d). La Md de la edad de los pacientes fue de 97 meses (rango: 6-211m). La anidulafungina fue indicada como tratamiento en 7 casos (24%) y como profilaxis primaria o secundaria,en 22 (76%). En un paciente se confirmó microbiológicamente una IFI, por Candida albicans. Las Md de los parámetros bioquímicos en el inicio del tratamiento y al final, fueron: transaminasas GOT 29,5 U/l y 32 U/l (p 0,44); bilirrubina 0,35 y 0,30 mg/dL (p: 0,20); creatinina, 0,52 y 0,60 mg/dl (p:0,67). El recuento de glóbulos blancos mostró una gran variabilidad debido a la enfermedad subyacente, pero la diferencia de su valor entre el inicio y al final de la administración del fármaco, no fue significativo: Md 2810 células/mm3 y 5160 células/mm3, respectivamente (p: 0,07). Ninguno de los pacientes tuvo eventos adversos o murieron por causas relacionadas con anidulafungina. En el seguimiento a 30 días no se registró recaída de la infección o mortalidad relacionada a la droga. Conclusiones: Los resultados de nuestra serie sugieren que la anidulafungina podría ser una opción para la profilaxis o el tratamiento de las IFI en los niños con trasplante de médula ósea. Se requieren más estudios para confirmar estas observaciones (AU)


Introduction: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an increasing health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. New treatment options, such as echinocandins and among these anidulafungin, have been used in the adult population, but experience in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation is scarce. Aim: The aim of this descriptive study is to present our experience with the use of anidulafungine as prophylaxis or treatment in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Material and methods: Between January and June 2016, 29 patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation received anidulafungin as prophylaxis against or treatment for confirmed, probable, or possible (IFI). In all cases transaminase, bilirubin, and creatinine levels as well as total white blood cell count were monitored at treatment initiation and completion. Results: Anidulafungine is administered intravenously in a loading dose of 3 mg/kg/day, followed by 1.5 mg/kg/day for a mean of 16 days (interquartile range: 2-65 d). Mean age of the patients was 97 months (range: 6-211m). Anidulafungine was used as treatment in 7 cases (24%) and as primary or secondary prophylaxis in 22 (76%). IFI was microbiologically confirmed to be Candida albicans in one patient. Mean biochemical parameters at treatment onset and completion were: transaminases AST 29.5 U/l and 32 U/l (p 0.44); bilirubin 0.35 and 0.30 mg/dL (p 0.20); creatinine, 0.52 and 0.60 mg/dl (p : 0.67). White blood cell count was highly variable due to the underlying disease; however, the difference between values at treatment initiation and completion were not significant: Mean 2810 cells/mm3 and 5160 cells/mm3, respectively (p: 0.07). None of the patients had adverse effects or died because of anidulafungin-related causes. At 30 days of follow-up no relapse of infection or drug-related mortality was observed. Conclusions: The results in our series suggest that anidulafungin is an option for the prophylaxis against or treatment of IFI in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Further studies are necessary to confirm these findings (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Echinocandins/therapeutic use , Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy , Invasive Fungal Infections/mortality , Invasive Fungal Infections/prevention & control , Administration, Intravenous
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